Showing posts with label Systems. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Systems. Show all posts

Sunday, June 19, 2016

Mathematical Theory of Nonequilibrium Steady States: On the Frontier of Probability and Dynamical Systems




Min Qian, Da-Quan Jiang, “Mathematical Theory of Nonequilibrium Steady States: On the Frontier of Probability and Dynamical Systems”
2004 | ISBN-10: 3540206116 | 296 pages | PDF | 1 MB


This volume provides a systematic mathematical exposition of the conceptual problems of nonequilibrium statistical physics, such as entropy production, irreversibility, and ordered phenomena. Markov chains, diffusion processes, and hyperbolic dynamical systems are used as mathematical models of physical systems. A measure-theoretic definition of entropy production rate and its formulae in various cases are given. It vanishes if and only if the stationary system is reversible and in equilibrium. Moreover, in the cases of Markov chains and diffusion processes on manifolds, it can be expressed in terms of circulations on directed cycles. Regarding entropy production fluctuations, the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem is rigorously proved.



Friday, June 10, 2016

Towards Cognitive Cities: Advances in Cognitive Computing and its Application to the Governance of Large Urban Systems




Towards Cognitive Cities: Advances in Cognitive Computing and its Application to the Governance of Large Urban Systems
Springer | Systems, Decision & Control | July 11, 2016 | ISBN-10: 3319337971 | 256 pages | pdf | 3.98 mb


Editors: Portmann, Edy, Finger, Matthias (Eds.)


Offers a concise introduction to the new concept of cognitive cities
Argues why cities need to become cognitive and why therefore the concept of cognitive city is needed
Highlights the main building blocks of cognitive cities and illustrates the concept by various cases
Presents a comprehensive view of the different research endeavours about cognitive cities and paves the way for this innovative approach to governing cities

This book introduces the readers to the new concept of cognitive cities. It demonstrates why cities need to become cognitive and why therefore a concept of cognitive city is needed. It highlights the main building blocks of cognitive cities and illustrates the concept by various cases. Following a concise introductory chapter the book features nine chapters illustrating various aspects and dimensions of cognitive cities. The logic of its structure proceeds from more general considerations to more specific illustrations. All chapters offer a comprehensive view of the different research endeavours about cognitive cities and will help pave the way for this new and innovative approach to governing cities in the future.


Number of Illustrations and Tables

15 b/w illustrations, 34 illustrations in colour


Topics

Computational Intelligence


Urban Geography/Urbanism


Engineering Design


Sustainable Development


Urban Economics


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Wednesday, May 25, 2016

TTC Video - How the World Learns: Comparative Educational Systems [repost]




TTC Video – How the World Learns: Comparative Educational Systems


24xWEBRip | English | MP4 + PDF Guidebook | 856 x 480 | AVC ~901 kbps | 30 fps
AAC | 118 kbps | 44.1 KHz | 2 channels | 12:21:28 | 5.3 GB


Genre: eLearning / Education, Teaching


The idea that everybody deserves a chance is at the heart of Horace Mann’s revolutionary belief that education is “the great equalizer.” U.S. schools—and national education systems around the world—today reflect the ideals that Mann was among the first to promote, including universal enrollment, compulsory attendance, and public funding.


Mann’s blueprint for mass education in America has since been followed across the globe—yet international student assessments show that achievement among countries varies sharply, with the United States and much of Europe typically scoring average, at best. Furthermore, educators, business leaders, and government officials cite a growing disconnect between what schools teach and the needs of a rapidly changing market.


This state of affairs has sparked anxieties about an educational crisis, yet the problem, if there is one, is highly complex. The key to making sense of this disparity and “fixing” education lies in taking a meaningful look at what’s happening internationally. Seeing what education looks like in other countries and contexts—how the model America innovated has been adapted and implemented elsewhere—helps us understand how other systems create success. Go on an educational trek around the world to better understand how other countries approach the same challenges we face, and grasp how culture and context shape local circumstances. For example:


In Japan, students remain in the same classroom all day, working in groups, while the teachers move around from class to class. Japanese schooling is characterized by strong institutional ties between schools and employers.


Finland does not have a formal evaluation process for teachers, merit pay, census-based standardized tests, or ranking of schools. Finnish teachers do have relative professional autonomy, competitive salaries, and less classroom time, with more time for reflection and preparation. From preschool through university, education is free of charge.


Indonesia is in the process of moving approximately five million secondary school children into vocational-education programs to help them prepare for jobs that government leaders hope will grow their economy.


Poland improved its average performance on international tests by targeting competency development, focusing particularly on girls and on the lowest-performing students.


Saudi Arabia mandates a religious curricular requirement, while China includes moral education as a required part of the curriculum.


In How the World Learns: Comparative Educational Systems, you’ll delve deeply into each of these cultures and more, led by Alexander W. Wiseman, Associate Professor of Comparative and International Education at Lehigh University. In each of these 24 thought-provoking lectures, you’ll engage in a detailed comparison of teaching methods and student achievement in both primary and secondary schools, from the focus on STEM instruction and the intent of morals education to the role of preschool and the importance of creativity. You’ll discover why Finland and South Korea consistently rank as the two best educational systems despite having diametrically opposed approaches, and consider the unique cultural challenges facing schools from America to South Africa. As you embark on this educational odyssey around the world, you’ll examine schools as close as Tulsa, Oklahoma and as far-flung as Ghana, Japan, and Myanmar. You may be surprised to learn that for all their differences, approaches to teaching don’t vary as widely as one might expect.


With Professor Wiseman’s guidance, you’ll use internationally comparative data to identify strengths and weaknesses and to see how this information is used—and sometimes misused—to enact policies that shape what happens in classrooms. The data and systems are not studied in a vacuum, however. Instead, you’ll explore how cultural, religious, socioeconomic, and historical contexts may influence these methods, and whether one nation’s best practice could backfire in another.


The Big Three: Singapore, South Korea, and Finland

Singapore, South Korea, and Finland have each become famous for their educational systems, which policymakers, educational reformers, and media worldwide applaud. Intriguingly, Finland and South Korea have very different takes on schooling: Finnish children spend about the least amount of time in school and enjoy a relaxed atmosphere, while South Korean students endure long days and rigid pedagogical methods. All three systems, however, focus students on fewer topics more deeply, rather than skimming through many topics superficially.


How the World Learns analyzes these characteristics and the contexts in which they operate, and presents examples of attempts to replicate the success of Finland elsewhere—as in Abu Dhabi, where education officials imported 50 Finnish teachers to establish Finnish-style primary schools.


You’ll also gain insight into other highly ranked countries such as China and Japan, which use high-stakes testing to create a culture of fact-based achievement, yet produce students who struggle with unscripted problems and solutions.


Study the Role of Teachers and Schools Around the Globe
Along the way, you’ll contemplate a number of important questions about the goals of education and the ways teachers may help students reach them:

Are teachers responsible for academic content only, or are they also caregivers and counselors?


Is low student performance the fault of teachers?


Which is more important: gaining knowledge or learning new skills?


Is standardized testing the best way to measure what a person knows or is capable of?


Is the point of school to prepare kids for college or for a job?


Should there be a strong socialization component to school, with the goal of creating better citizens?


These lectures examine the topic of education in a multifaceted way, from the degree to which a country’s teachers regularly collaborate to parental involvement’s impact on achievement. As you investigate gender equity across cultures, you’ll consider the gender-segregated schools of Saudi Arabia, which are being embraced as a new way to create access and opportunity for girls where none may have previously existed.


The complex subject of technology in the developing world is viewed through an unflinching lens, with realistic discussion of its sustainability. The news is not all bad on this front, however, as you’ll witness in a remarkable story of children in an impoverished area of New Delhi who taught themselves to use a computer.


While this is an inquiry into schools the world over, this course also devotes significant attention to education in America. Yet rather than looking at the U.S. system as a monolith, it’s examined for what it truly is: an enormous entity comprised of 50 individual states with widely different educational systems, from the conservative to the experimental.


Learn from a Teacher Who’s Been There

Far from an ivory-tower academic, Professor Wiseman brings real-world classroom experience to this endeavor. Having been a teacher in America and Japan—where he taught English using Beatles lyrics—his practical understanding of the shared experience of teachers and his deep knowledge of international educational systems come across in every lecture.


Educators in particular will appreciate the professor’s ability to balance optimism with pragmatism. He makes clear that there is no magic bullet when it comes to education, and what works in one country may not be realistic for another.


How the World Learns goes beyond the rhetoric of crisis and prescriptions for quick fixes to reveal the fullest picture possible of the practices that produce results (or don’t), the external factors over which schools have little control, and the potential for success.






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Monday, May 2, 2016

Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 36th International Conference, Part III




Jerzy Swiatek and Leszek Borzemski, “Information Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 36th International Conference, Part III”
English | ISBN: 3319285629 | 2016 | 236 pages | PDF | 5 MB


This four volume set of books constitutes the proceedings of the 36th International Conference Information Systems Architecture and Technology 2015, or ISAT 2015 for short, held on September 20–22, 2015 in Karpacz, Poland. The conference was organized by the Computer Science and Management Systems Departments, Faculty of Computer Science and Management, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland. The papers included in the proceedings have been subject to a thorough review process by highly qualified peer reviewers. The accepted papers have been grouped into four parts:


Part I―addressing topics including, but not limited to, systems analysis and modeling, methods for managing complex planning environment and insights from Big Data research projects.


Part II―discoursing about topics including, but not limited to, Web systems, computer networks, distributed computing, and multi-agent systems and Internet of Things.


Part III―discussing topics including, but not limited to, mobile and Service Oriented Architecture systems, high performance computing, cloud computing, knowledge discovery, data mining and knowledge based management.


Part IV―dealing with topics including, but not limited to, finance, logistics and market problems, and artificial intelligence methods.



Thursday, April 28, 2016

Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems




Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems
Springer | Artificial Intelligence | May 10 2016 | ISBN-10: 1489976663 | 270 pages | pdf | 6.41 mb


Editors: Mittu, R., Sofge, D., Wagner, A., Lawless, W.F. (Eds.)


Explores the effective integration of human-autonomous systems
Examines the implications of gaps that must be tackled to enable a successful integration of autonomous and human systems
Written by leading international experts on the topic

This volume explores the intersection of robust intelligence (RI) and trust in autonomous systems across multiple contexts among autonomous hybrid systems, where hybrids are arbitrary combinations of humans, machines and robots. To better understand the relationships between artificial intelligence (AI) and RI in a way that promotes trust between autonomous systems and human users, this book explores the underlying theory, mathematics, computational models, and field applications. It uniquely unifies the fields of RI and trust and frames it in a broader context, namely the effective integration of human-autonomous systems.


A description of the current state of the art in RI and trust introduces the research work in this area. With this foundation, the chapters further elaborate on key research areas and gaps that are at the heart of effective human-systems integration, including workload management, human computer interfaces, team integration and performance, advanced analytics, behavior modeling, training, and, lastly, test and evaluation.


Written by international leading researchers from across the field of autonomous systems research, Robust Intelligence and Trust in Autonomous Systems dedicates itself to thoroughly examining the challenges and trends of systems that exhibit RI, the fundamental implications of RI in developing trusted relationships with present and future autonomous systems, and the effective human systems integration that must result for trust to be sustained.


Contributing authors: David W. Aha, Jenny Burke, Joseph Coyne, M.L. Cummings, Munjal Desai, Michael Drinkwater, Jill L. Drury, Michael W. Floyd, Fei Gao, Vladimir Gontar, Ayanna M. Howard, Mo Jamshidi, W.F. Lawless, Kapil Madathil, Ranjeev Mittu, Arezou Moussavi, Gari Palmer, Paul Robinette, Behzad Sadrfaridpour, Hamed Saeidi, Kristin E. Schaefer, Anne Selwyn, Ciara Sibley, Donald A. Sofge, Erin Solovey, Aaron Steinfeld, Barney Tannahill, Gavin Taylor, Alan R. Wagner, Yue Wang, Holly A. Yanco, Dan Zwillinger.


Number of Illustrations and Tables

25 b/w illustrations, 64 illustrations in colour


Topics

Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)


Robotics and Automation


Computational Intelligence


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Saturday, April 23, 2016

The Space Environment and Its Effects on Space Systems (Repost)




The Space Environment and Its Effects on Space Systems By Vincent L. Pisacane
2008 | 424 Pages | ISBN: 1563479265 | PDF | 6 MB



This full-color textbook will help students and professionals understand the space environment and its impacts on spacecraft design, engineering, and performance. While the primary emphasis of the book is the Earth’s environment and its effects on spacecraft, it also addresses the extraterrestrial environment and the effects of radiation on humans in space.

The book begins with an introduction to the history of spacecraft failures, risk management, reliability and quality assurance techniques, and parts reliability. It goes on to provide an overview of the structure of the Sun; the structure, origin, and models of the geomagnetic field; gravitational field of the Earth; Earth’s magnetosphere and radiation environment; neutral environment including fundamentals of the kinetic theory of gases; variation of pressure with altitude and hypoxia of humans; electromagnetic propagation; the effect of atomic oxygen on materials; plasma surrounding the Earth; transport and effects of photon and charged particle radiation on electronics and tissue; spacecraft contamination; techniques to mitigate debris impact; and heat transfer and thermal control of spacecraft.

An appendix provides important astrodynamic constants and parameters of the celestial bodies in the solar system. Problem sets and examples are included, and a solution manual is available for instructors.



Monday, April 11, 2016

Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Systems, Second Edition




Vidyadhar G. Kulkarni, “Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Systems, Second Edition”
2009 | ISBN-10: 1439808759 | 564 pages | PDF | 3 MB


Based on the author’s more than 25 years of teaching experience, Modeling and Analysis of Stochastic Systems, Second Edition covers the most important classes of stochastic processes used in the modeling of diverse systems, from supply chains and inventory systems to genetics and biological systems. For each class of stochastic process, the text includes its definition, characterization, applications, transient and limiting behavior, first passage times, and cost/reward models. Along with reorganizing the material, this edition revises and adds new exercises and examples. New to the second edition: a new chapter on diffusion processes that gives an accessible and non-measure-theoretic treatment with applications to finance; a more streamlined, application-oriented approach to renewal, regenerative, and Markov regenerative processes; and, two appendices that collect relevant results from analysis and differential and difference equations. Rather than offer special tricks that work in specific problems, this book provides thorough coverage of general tools that enable the solution and analysis of stochastic models. After mastering the material in the text, students will be well-equipped to build and analyze useful stochastic models for various situations. A collection of MATLAB[registered]-based programs can be downloaded from the author’s website and a solutions manual is available for qualifying instructors.