Mathematical Theory of Nonequilibrium Steady States: On the Frontier of Probability and Dynamical Systems

Min Qian, Da-Quan Jiang, “Mathematical Theory of Nonequilibrium Steady States: On the Frontier of Probability and Dynamical Systems”
2004 | ISBN-10: 3540206116 | 296 pages | PDF | 1 MB

This volume provides a systematic mathematical exposition of the conceptual problems of nonequilibrium statistical physics, such as entropy production, irreversibility, and ordered phenomena. Markov chains, diffusion processes, and hyperbolic dynamical systems are used as mathematical models of physical systems. A measure-theoretic definition of entropy production rate and its formulae in various cases are given. It vanishes if and only if the stationary system is reversible and in equilibrium. Moreover, in the cases of Markov chains and diffusion processes on manifolds, it can be expressed in terms of circulations on directed cycles. Regarding entropy production fluctuations, the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem is rigorously proved.

Fifty States: Every Question Answered

Fifty States: Every Question Answered by Lori Baird and Marcel Brousseau
English | 2014 | ISBN: 1626862338 | 400 pages | EPUB | 97 MB

What was the last state to join the Union? What does the state quarter for Alabama look like? What is the state bird of Texas? All the answers are contained in Fifty States: Every Question Answered! Whether you’re a student or just a history buff, this book is a great reference manual for each state’s geography, factual details, and ecology. Beautiful color photos and maps fill the pages, providing a view of how the landscape has changed over the years. Young and old alike enjoy this walk through our 50 great states.

The Institutions of Liberal Democratic States

The Institutions of Liberal Democratic States by Munroe Eagles and Christopher Holoman
English | 2004 | ISBN: 1551117002 | 144 pages | PDF | 0,9 MB

This book provides a concise overview of the institutions of government in modern democracies, including constitutions, legislatures, heads of state and of government, variations of federalism, and electoral systems.

The Institutions of Liberal Democratic States presents four excerpted chapters from Politics: An Introduction to Democratic Government, second edition.

Theorizing NGOs: States, Feminisms, and Neoliberalism

Theorizing NGOs: States, Feminisms, and Neoliberalism (Next Wave: New Directions in Women’s Studies) by Inderpal Grewal and Victoria Bernal
English | 2014 | ISBN: 0822355515, 0822355655 | 392 pages | PDF | 1,3 MB

Theorizing NGOs examines how the rise of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) has transformed the conditions of women’s lives and of feminist organizing. Victoria Bernal and Inderpal Grewal suggest that we can understand the proliferation of NGOs through a focus on the NGO as a unified form despite the enormous variation and diversity contained within that form. Theorizing NGOs brings together cutting-edge feminist research on NGOs from various perspectives and disciplines. Contributors locate NGOs within local and transnational configurations of power, interrogate the relationships of nongovernmental organizations to states and to privatization, and map the complex, ambiguous, and ultimately unstable synergies between feminisms and NGOs. While some of the contributors draw on personal experience with NGOs, others employ regional or national perspectives. Spanning a broad range of issues with which NGOs are engaged, from microcredit and domestic violence to democratization, this groundbreaking collection shows that NGOs are, themselves, fields of gendered struggles over power, resources, and status.

Contributors. Sonia E. Alvarez, Victoria Bernal, LeeRay M. Costa, Inderpal Grewal, Laura Grünberg, Elissa Helms, Julie Hemment, Saida Hodžic, Lamia Karim, Sabine Lang, Lauren Leve, Kathleen O’Reilly, Aradhana Sharma